Misleading academic research

Even though the plagiarism check does not identify problems with submitted manuscripts for review, I mark some key issues - how to identify misleading academic research (created by AI or by poor outsourcing academic work):

- Fabricated references, also identified as a problem by Stanislav Ivanov. See the link.

- Saying "In summary"/"In conclusion" and continuing discussing on a topic.

- 4-5 items with a summary, based on citations (not on the text above).

- Fake self-esteem in the conclusion section proposing new methodologies (new approaches) which are missing in the body text.

- Highlighting performance without performing adequate tests.

- Using qualitative methods (e.g. marking strengths and weaknesses in a SWOT analysis) to prove efficiency.

Editor-in-chief of the Business & Management Compass journal.